Review Of The Great Gatsby

Review Of The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the greatest novelists of his time, and has written many novels about the American Dream during the Swinging Twenties, and the materialism that came with that dream. "The Great Gatsby" is one of those novels. "The Great Gatsby" is about a man, Nick Carraway, who moves to the east coast of New York in the 1920s. He moves next door to an extremely wealthy man named Jay Gatsby who has an extraordinary gift of hope. The woman who lives across the bay is Gatsby's long-lost love, and Gatsby tries extremely hard to make her come back to him. Daisy, the woman that Gatsby loves, is already married, but when the two meet for the first time in five years, Daisy falls back in love with Gatsby and forgets about her arrogant and egomaniacal husband, Tom.When I first started reading the novel, I couldn't get into it at all.The Great GatsbyI would have to put the book down to keep from falling asleep. Then after painfully getting through the first part of the book, my i nterest arose. I began to enjoy reading the book very much. By the end, I was extremely drawn into the actual story. I realized this when I started actually getting angry with Tom at how pathetic and immoral he was. At the same time, I would be sympathizing with Gatsby for his hope and his amazing skill in making dreams come true. Too bad that those dreams do not achieve his expectations, or deserve his effort.F. Scott Fitzgerald has an amazing writing style. The way he wrote this novel, making Nick Carraway narrate in both first and third person, presenting only what Nick himself observes works flawlessly. This method is successful because Nick not only narrates, but also...

Understanding Participial Phrases

Understanding Participial Phrases A participial phrase or clause is a wonderful tool for writers because it gives color and action to a sentence. By employing verbals- words derived from a verb- along with other grammatical elements, an author can craft clauses that function as an adjective, modifying nouns and pronouns. The participial phrase contains a participle and the other words in the phrase that modify the noun or pronoun. They cant stand alone as complete sentences. Present or Past Participial phrases or clauses consist of a present participle  (a verbal ending in ing) or past participle (a verbal ending in en ed,  d, t, n, or ne), plus modifiers, objects, and complements. A participle may  be followed by  an  adverb, a  prepositional phrase, an  adverb clause, or any combination of these.  They are set off by commas and function the same way adjectives do in a sentence. Past-participial phrase:  Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.Present-participial phrase:  Working before unfriendly crowds, the referee has orders to exude poise under the most trying circumstances. Here, for example, the participial phrase consists of a present participle (holding), an object (the flashlight), and an adverb (steadily): Holding the flashlight steadily,  Jenny approached the strange creature. In the next sentence, the participial phrase includes a present participle (making), an object (a great ring), and a prepositional phrase (of white light): Jenny waved the flashlight over her head,  making a great ring of white light. Placement and Punctuation Participial phrases can appear in one of three places within a sentence, but  be careful not to risk awkwardness or confusion by placing it too far from the word it modifies. For example, a participial phrase that indicates a cause usually precedes the  main clause and sometimes follows the  subject, but only rarely appears at the end of the sentence. No matter where they are, they always modify a subject. Correctly punctuating a sentence that contains such a clause depends on where it is placed in reference to the subject. Before the main  clause, the participial phrase is followed by a comma: Speeding down the highway, Bob didnt notice the police car. After the main clause, it is preceded by a comma: The gamblers silently arranged their cards, losing themselves in thought. In mid-sentence position, it is set off by commas before and after: The real estate agent, thinking of her profit potential, decided not to buy the property. In each sentence below, the participial phrase clearly modifies the subject (my sister) and suggests a cause: Discouraged by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job.My sister,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay, finally quit her job. But consider what happens when the participial phrase moves to the end of the sentence: My sister finally quit her job,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay. Here the logical order of cause-effect is reversed, and as a result, the sentence may be less effective than the first two versions. While the sentence absolutely works grammatically, some may misread that the job is feeling discouraged, instead of the sister. Dangling Participial Phrases Although participial phrases can be an effective tool, beware. A misplaced or dangling participial phrase can cause embarrassing errors. The easiest way to tell whether a phrase is being used correctly is to look at the subject it is modifying. Does the relationship make sense? Dangling phrase: Reaching for a glass, the cold soda called my name.Corrected phrase: Reaching for a glass, I could hear the cold soda calling my name. The first example is illogical; a bottle of soda cant reach for a glass- but a person can pick up that glass and fill it. Be careful when combining sentences and converting one to a participial phrase to keep the subject of the sentence that goes with the adjectival phrase. For instance, you wouldnt want the following sentences: I curled my toes and squinted.The doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. to turn into: Curling my toes and squinting, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Here the participial phrase refers to  the doctor  when it should refer to  I- a pronoun thats not in the sentence. This kind of problem is called a  dangling modifier, dangling participle, or misplaced modifier. We can correct this dangling modifier either by adding  I  to the sentence or by replacing the participial phrase with an  adverb clause: Curling my toes and squinting,  I waited for the doctor to puncture my arm with a needle.As I curled my toes and squinted, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Gerunds vs. Participles A gerund is a verbal that also ends in ing, just like participles in the present tense. You can tell them apart by looking at how they function within a sentence.  A gerund functions as a  noun, while a  present participle functions as an adjective. Gerund:  Laughing  is good for you.Present participle: The laughing woman clapped her hands with joy. Gerund Clauses vs. Participial Phrases Confusing gerunds or participles can be easy because both can also form clauses. The simplest way to differentiate the two is to use the word it in place of the verbal. If the sentence still makes grammatical sense, youve got a gerund clause: If not, its a participial phrase. Gerund phrase: Playing golf relaxes Shelly.Participial phrase: Waiting for takeoff, the pilot radioed the control tower.

The Main Arguments for and against Turkey's entry to the EU Essay

The Main Arguments for and against Turkey's entry to the EU - Essay Example Since 1959, when Turkey sent in its application to join the European Union (then known as the European Economic Community), Europe has been pondering over the fact whether a primarily Islamic nation lying mostly outside European geographic borders can really be made a part of the Union. While Turkey and EU have a common past of contractual relationship for many years, which led to the negotiations for accession in 2005, the former has always been perceived as an outsider, with whom Europe established relationships primarily for security reasons. The decision to start official talks on Turkey’s EU membership was made on 16 December 2004, while the accession negotiations started on 3 October 2005. This met with a hurdle, when Austria and Germany asked for permissions to allow ‘privileged partnership’ for Turkey without actually making it a full member. With other member states not agreeing to this clause, accession negotiations started, aimed at a full membership. H owever, negotiations have been adjourned on many instances since 2006, primarily due to objections raised by Cyprus, which is against Turkey’s accession to the EU membership (Barber, 2009). This is owing to the fact that currently the island of Cyprus is divided, wherein the Turkish troops have occupied its northern part and its ships are denied entry into Turkish ports. Austria and France have also declared their intention of holding a referendum on Turkey's EU membership. Currently, out of 35 accession chapters eight have been adjourned, which has effectively interrupted the membership negotiations. Owing to this, there has been a sharp fall in pro-EU support amongst the Turks, where a majority believe the accession process is biased and close-ended (Sayfa, 2013). A closer study reveals that majority of the EU member states never considered the EU-Turkey relationship as an essential part of the EU integration. Even after nearly five decades of EU’s relationship with Turkey, the perspective did not change, on the other hand the feeling of alienation increased on both sides (Cendrowicz, 2009). While a majority of the Europeans viewed Turkey as an outsider, the Turks felt that Europe as a political entity cannot be trusted, especially after the Treaty of Sevres post WWI, and furthermore after viewing unwillingness on part of the EU to assist Turkey once the accession negotiations started. In this context, the essay analyses the highly controversial issue of Turkey’s integration into the EU, and highlights the main arguments for and against Turkey's entry to the Union. Discussion Hurdles to the EU accession based on legal principles There were six member states that created the European Community for Coal and Steel (primarily states from Western Europe) in 1952, later known as the European Economic Community or EEC (1957), and which is now referred to as the EU. The preamble of the EEC treaty stated very clearly that this treaty aimed at cre ating a close union among the European people. In the same treaty, Article 237 stated that all European states are eligible to become a part of this Community. This article has since them become the foundation for integration, and is an essential aspect in the political and legal basis of the EU and the Union’s policy to unite Europe. This aspect has been reiterated in the 1993 Maastricht Treaty and had been considered in the proposal for 2004 drafting of the treaty for the Constitution for Europe, ratified by all EU member states. This treaty states in Article I-58 that all European states are free to enter the Union. Thus, here the main emphasis has always been on ‘European states,’ and all contractual provisions become a part of the common law framed by the different European treaties, binding

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Assignment - Essay Example ng bewildered, a middle-aged woman in black corporate attire suddenly laughed and exclaimed that she forgot her access pass at home after going to a vacation leave with her friends at church. In a matter of seconds, she was already chatting with me as she most probably gleaned that I was the insecure first-timer who was supposed to show up that day. Even from the start of our meeting, I already noticed that she had a very pleasant personality and she was very sociable in her own way. This account manager, or â€Å"relationship manager† as our division terms it, eventually became one of my good mentors. For me, she was a good mentor not just because she was friendly and approachable, but rather because she didn’t judge other people, including me, by how they merely look. After that incident, I’ve met different kinds of people in our company, with different ages, occupations, and income. And I was certain that though other people may seem different, we should never be indifferent in our relationships with them. Everyday that I went to work, I was never sure what my mentors would ask me to work on or what they would have me do. Was I going to sit all day long in meetings with clients and bosses, or perhaps scan complete documents, or maybe create project IDs and service requests then endorse them to other employees? How should I act when I’m in front of clients, or bosses, or when I ask other employees in my division for help in operating the systems of my division? I really wasn’t sure. But with everyday passing as a trainee, I figured precisely how to answer all of these questions. Aside from all the technicalities of the business, to be courteous, to be considerate, and to be polite were all part of our company’s corporate culture. As our mentor in human resources helped me understand, working in a firm is, like being a music lover or an urban dweller, a lifestyle preference. Most employees in our company, if not all, were sure to stay with the company

Downtown Beirut, Response on Mohsens Article Essay Example for Free

Downtown Beirut, Response on Mohsens Article Essay Downtown Beirut: a spot pour les bourgeois In his article Downtown Beirut: A City of Ghosts? , published in the Alakhbar English journal on Saturday, January 7 2012, Ahmed Mohsen describes the heart of Beirut as an empty, fake, artificial hanging spot for the elite, so distant and alienated from the culture and the civilization of the good old Beirut known for its diversity among different social classes. Mohsen considers rebuilding the capital after the traumatizing war have indeed its true identity and covered its alleys with fake architecture that destroyed the historical beauty of what once was known as the Paris of the Middle East. For many, whats known today as Solidere , projects the new post war era, the era of a flourishing economy and an original society. In fact, the new buildings are indeed nothing more than an overpriced imitation of other countries architecture leaving the old Beirut and its rich Middle Eastern history nothing more than a memory along with its social traditions. Mohsen pointed out in his article that after rebuilding the center of the capital, the original citizens in Wadi Abu Jamil and its surroundings are no longer there. According to the authors article Wadi Abu Jamils original residents and owners have vanished. (Page #120) I personally believe that the old Beirut with its old, wrecked buildings and crowded dirty alleys is a unique haven of coexistence between the various religious sects and the different social classes unlike the new Down Town or DT with its new original buildings inhabited by only one social class. The High class. The reconstruction of Beirut put money and artificial beauty over the unity of the classes and the unity of the different peoples that lived for centuries in Lebanon and their reunification after the devastating war. In his article, the author criticized the fact that only rich people can shop or hang out in the DT saying For those who can afford it, the place to shop in downtown is Beirut souks. (Page # 119). In fact, all the shops present in downtown are indeed expensive for the average citizen. But the problem is that even the most basic things in a small shop are much more expensive than any other place in the country. Buying a simple cone of ice cream will cost you something around 2000 L. L in Lebanon, but buying it from downtown will cost you about 7000 L. L. All the artificial beauty that is supposed to encourage the Lebanese around the world to go back to their country is in fact, a repulsive, ugly place reserved for the elite and rich tourists from neighboring Arabic countries.

Manic Depressive Treatments Essay -- Psychology Lithium Medical Essays

Manic Depressive Treatments Introduction Lithium was discovered in 1949 by John Cade as a treatment for bipolar disorder. Since then, lithium has become a highly utilized medication for manic depression. Chemistry of Lithium and Route of Access Name: Lithium Group number: 1 Symbol: Li Group name: Alkali metal Atomic weight: [6.941 (2)] g m r Period number: 2 CAS Registry ID: 7439-93-2 Block: s-block Standard state: solid at 293 K Color: silvery white/gray Classification: Metallic Lithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a single valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called "alkali metals". Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, but tarnishes in a minute or so in air to give a gray surface. Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminum and magnesium for lightweight alloys, and is also used in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine. Lithium would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is so readily available commercially. All syntheses require an electrolytic step as it is so difficult to add an electron to the poorly electronegative lithium ion Li+. The ore spodumene, LiAl(SiO3)2, is the most important commercial ore containing lithium. The a form is first converted into the softer b form by heating to around 1100Â °C. This is mixed carefully with hot sulphuric acid and extracted into water to form lithium sulphate, Li2SO4, solution. The sulphate is washed with sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, to form a precipitate of the relatively insoluble lithium carbonate, Li2CO3. Li2SO4 + Na2CO3 Na2SO4 + Li2CO3 (solid) Reaction of lithium carbonate wi... ...y, Robert L. (Eds.) (2004). Psychology Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. New York: The Guilford Press. Kalat, James W. (2004). Biological Psychology. Canada: Wadsworth. Knable, Michael B. and Torrey E. Fuller. (2002). Surviving Manic Depression. New York: Basic Books. Leavitt, Fred. (1995). Drugs and Behavior. California: Sage Publications. Lithium's Effects on Bipolar Disease. Retrieved: March 5, 2005. From: http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_422.h tml Opresko, Dennis M. (May 1995). Toxicity Summary for Lithium. Retrieved: March 3, 2005. From: http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/lith.shtml. Winter, Mark (1993-2003). Chemistry: WebElements Periodic Table: Professional Edition: Lithium: Key Information. Retrieved: February 28, 2005. From: http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Li/key.html. Manic Depressive Treatments Essay -- Psychology Lithium Medical Essays Manic Depressive Treatments Introduction Lithium was discovered in 1949 by John Cade as a treatment for bipolar disorder. Since then, lithium has become a highly utilized medication for manic depression. Chemistry of Lithium and Route of Access Name: Lithium Group number: 1 Symbol: Li Group name: Alkali metal Atomic weight: [6.941 (2)] g m r Period number: 2 CAS Registry ID: 7439-93-2 Block: s-block Standard state: solid at 293 K Color: silvery white/gray Classification: Metallic Lithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a single valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called "alkali metals". Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, but tarnishes in a minute or so in air to give a gray surface. Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminum and magnesium for lightweight alloys, and is also used in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine. Lithium would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is so readily available commercially. All syntheses require an electrolytic step as it is so difficult to add an electron to the poorly electronegative lithium ion Li+. The ore spodumene, LiAl(SiO3)2, is the most important commercial ore containing lithium. The a form is first converted into the softer b form by heating to around 1100Â °C. This is mixed carefully with hot sulphuric acid and extracted into water to form lithium sulphate, Li2SO4, solution. The sulphate is washed with sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, to form a precipitate of the relatively insoluble lithium carbonate, Li2CO3. Li2SO4 + Na2CO3 Na2SO4 + Li2CO3 (solid) Reaction of lithium carbonate wi... ...y, Robert L. (Eds.) (2004). Psychology Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. New York: The Guilford Press. Kalat, James W. (2004). Biological Psychology. Canada: Wadsworth. Knable, Michael B. and Torrey E. Fuller. (2002). Surviving Manic Depression. New York: Basic Books. Leavitt, Fred. (1995). Drugs and Behavior. California: Sage Publications. Lithium's Effects on Bipolar Disease. Retrieved: March 5, 2005. From: http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_422.h tml Opresko, Dennis M. (May 1995). Toxicity Summary for Lithium. Retrieved: March 3, 2005. From: http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/lith.shtml. Winter, Mark (1993-2003). Chemistry: WebElements Periodic Table: Professional Edition: Lithium: Key Information. Retrieved: February 28, 2005. From: http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Li/key.html.

Qantas strategies Analysis Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report has discussesd and appliesd theoretical concepts and principles of strategic management into analyzing the environment context where to Qantas Airways Limited operates. It shows that, Qantas has a long history and sustainable development but needs to evolve in the global world. ization context, the company has to continue to participate in international activities to grab development opportunities. Besides that, the increasing competitive also challenges the corporation. In order to be successful and take competitive advantages, strategy is the key element for every enterprise including Qantas. By researching and applying strategy analysis theoretical into Qantas case study, its current strategies are outlined and reviewed and some others are suggested. It approves the roles of strategies in create competitive advantages through cost leadership, differentiation  and focusing. 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In the globalized and integrated world economy, enterprises have spread their operations into other countries and become multinational corporations. Qantas Airways Limited is the Australia’s oldest and largest airline also takes part in international activities very early since 1935. The international operations create for the group a great opportunity to expand and grow but also challenge Qantas Airways with inherent risks and competitions in international market. In order to sustainably develop and remain the largest airways not only in Australia but also in the world, the Group should implement strategies to create comparative advantaged. 1.2 Aims – To analyse the company’s information; – To analyse the internal and external context where the corporation operating; – To analyse the resources and capacities of Qantas Airways Limited; – To analyse and discuss strategies the corporation using and recommendation to improve them. Scope Data and information are mainly collected from CQU online module, databases, academic articles, the corporation’s website and textbooks. The report is based on the operations of Qantas Airways in five recently years and focus on two recent years. 2.0. INTERNAL ANALYSIS 2.1. Qantas Airways Limited Qantas is Australia’s largest airline and the second oldest airline in the world carrying billions passengers in more than 20 countries such as Australia, Asia, North and South America, New Zealand, Africa and Europe. Qantas Group is one of the strongest brands in Australia. The Group’s main operation is the transportation of customers in two complementary airline brands – Qantas and Jetstar (low cost carrier). The Group’s broad portfolio of subsidiary businesses ranges from Qantas Freight Enterprises to Qantas Frequent Flyer. Qantas has strong network all over the world. Founding member of oneworld alliance, until now Qantas has 27 bilateral partners extending the network and offer passengers a global network. ïÆ' ¼ In 2012, Qantas carries a 44.6% shares of the Australian domestic market and 18% of all passengers travelling in and out of Australia while the respective market segments for Jetstar are 20,7% and 8%. The chart below compares the top 10 inter national airlines. Figure 1: Top 10 international airlines in Australia (Source: ANNA- Airlines Network News and Analysis, 2010)   2.2. Resources and capabilities – Tangible resources: Establisheding in 1920, Qantas Group has grown gradually and remain one of the largest and strongest in Australian airways industry. During the last 5 recently years, Qantas has steadily expanded its operations by increasing number of aircrafts, passengers, employees and destinations all over the world. Its development can be demonstrated as data below: Figure 2: Qantas’s resources from 2008-2012 (Adopted from Qantas data book 2012, see Appendix) Qantas’s total asset increased from $19.7 billion in 2008 to $21.1 billion in 2012. More than half of its assets are from property, plant and equipment which book value at $14.13m at the end of FY2012. Intangible assets values at $610,000. ïÆ' ¼ At the end of FY2012, the corporation had a cash balance of $3.4 billion, and 308 aircrafts from three main suppliers Airbus, Boeing and Bombardiers. The Group has 12 Airbus A380, 30 Airbus A330, 60 Boeing B737, 36 Boeing B747 and 46 Bombardiers.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Intangible resources: Qantas has a strong reputation for long history with a huge number of customers, larger segment in the Australian market. Qantas is the world’s second oldest airline and since its inception, Qantas has remained one of the largest and strongest brands in Australia. Qantas Frequent Flyer has grown steadily growth, more than 750,000 new members joining the frequent program during 2012. And increase the total member to 8.6 million. (Qantas data book 2012). Many Australians regard Qantas Airways Limited as a national icon and pride of Australia. ïÆ' ¼ Another intangible resource of Qantas is its networks with large corporations. Qantas started the Oneworld Alliance with American Airlines, British Airways, Canadian Airlines and Cathay Pacific in 1998, and with Finnair and Iberia one year later. Oneworld is an arrangement among airlines to share departure lounges, frequent flyer points and joint booking of flights for travellers to go wherever they want. (Dallas, H 2010). Qantas fre quent Flyer has partnerships with many large corporations in and outside Australia, such as Optus, Woolworths, Caltex, Safaris, etc.   2.3. Performance analysis According to Mail Business Staff 2012, Qantas Airways reported $204 million annual loss in FY2012, the first loss since 17 year period. It was impacted  from the increasing fuel prices, intense competition, industrial disputes and its struggling international division and a series of strikes that temporarily grounded its fleet. By analyzing data from the corporation’s annual report, profitability index can be calculated as shown bellowed: Figure 3: Qantas Airways ratio analysis (Adopted from Qantas data book 2012) As can be seen, the Qantas performs ineffectively in recently. Its turnover, profit and ROA, ROE have reduced considerably particularly a loss of $244 million in 2012. ïÆ' ¼ However, the group still has strong financial capability. Its debt/equity ratio slightly increased but can be acceptable and its create leverage to encourage managers improve the corporation’s performance. Qantas has quick ratio around 0.5, that help Group has ability to pay current debt. Besides that, the current ratios were less than 1 and continuously decreased. It faces the Group to risk of liquidity that means Qantas may not have enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months in case of liquidity. ïÆ' ¼ According to Grant, 2013 the goal of a firm is value maximization that means maximizing the shareholders’ wealth. It was measures via the share’s price and profitability. The corporation recorded an decline in share’s price and market capitalization from 2009 to 2012 a fter a bounce in 2008 to reach the highest price of $6.0 per share. The earnings per share dropped significantly and in 2012 and the shareholders received no dividend due to the loss of $244m.   The changing in Qantas’s share price is illustrated as below: Figure 4: Qantas Share price from 2008-2012 (Source: Qantas data book 2012, p.33) Researches show that, loss is result of high fuel price and changing in foreign currency exchanges as well as competition with other low cost airlines in international activities (O’Sullivan, M 2012). The researchers require Qantas implement strategies to hedge fuel cost and manage foreign exchange risks to increase its competitive advantages.   2.3. Genertic strategy and connection to the internal value chain Qantas Airways aim at maintaining its position as the leading Australian domestic carrier and one of the world’s premier sustainable long-haul airlines through two dual  airline brands, Qantas and Jetstar that endeavour at two different strategies. While Jetstar focus on low cost Airline, Qantas aims to provide safety, highest quality services and more â€Å"Ausiee† airline. It seek to deliver sustainable, long term returns to the shareholders. The Qantas Group strategic priorities are illustrated below. Figure 5: Qantas strategic priorities (Source: Qantas data book 2012, p.5) Qantas’s strategies have connection to the firm’s internal value chain. According to Grant 2013, a value chain analysis describes a sequential chain of the main activities that the firm undertakes. Michael Porter’s Value Chain has been used as a tool to analyse competitive advantages. It is divided to two parts, primary activities and support activities. First of all, primary activities include five main activities which are Inbound logistics, Operations, Outbound logistics, Marketing and sales and Customer service (Grant, 2013). Inbound logistics is a part of the ‘supply chain’ and involve distribution. Inbound logistics’ activities describe the receiving and storing of materials (Porter, 1985). Qantas has three major jet suppliers which are Airbus, Boeing and Bombardier. Each supplier has different competitive advantage with others. For example, Airbus has A380 that is larger, longer and can deliver more passengers than others while Boeing h as B787 that is lighter, smaller and faster than others. In addition, Qantas also has others suppliers who provide products related to oil, gas and food. Operations are activities to transfer inputs into the final product (Porter, 1985). The operation of Qantas group includes airports, catering, engineering, flight operations, operations planning, control and aviation services (Qantas Factfile, 2010). For example, Qantas aviation services are applied through several processes such as customers can book ticket through travel agent or booking online, check-in online, and baggage claim. Outbound logistics is the process related to collect, store and distribute the final products to customers (Porter, 1985). The general activity of airline industry is transportation goods and services from one area to others all over the world. Therefore, most of airlines implement their transactions though travel agent and online and Qantas is not an exception. By using these ways, Qantas achieves the most cost effective,  while satisfying customers. Marketing and sales are activities to provide the places which customers can buy the products (Porter, 1985). In order to advertise product, Qantas has created many media advertisements on television, radio, newspapers, posters in travel agents and billboards. Qantas announced $44 million for advertising campaign with Tourism Australia in 2010 (Qantas, annual report 2010). For example, Qantas used Boeing 747 aircraft to paint the words ‘Come play’ in Frequently Flyer program and Sponsorship Football Federation Australia (World football insider, 2010). However, Qantas is trying to use more direct marketing than blanket advertising because blanket advertising is more expensive and less targeted especially to corporations than direct marketing. Moreover, Qantas also uses global marketing strategies which are standardization, customization and global branding. Through these marketing, Qantas has implemented successful strategies to ensure its reputation for high quality good s and services. In addition, Qantas also has sales promotions in particularly periods. An example of this is Qantas launched a two – for one ticket sale, it means that a second passenger is allowed to fly for the cost of taxes and charges. Another is that Qantas first launched to issue 100,000 tickets at $49. ïÆ' ¼ Secondly, Support activities consist of Firm infrastructure, Human resources (HR) management, Technology and Procurement (Grant, 2013). Support activities can help primary activities to work more effectively. Firm infrastructure relates to structure of the industry. Qantas’s infrastructure includes functional departments such as accounting department, financial department, marketing department, customer service department or engineering department. Qantas’s HR strategy focuses to ensure a flexible, adaptable and safer workforce, improve labour unit costs and productivity, develop management and leadership capabilities as one of the largest employers in Australia, approximately 37,000 people (Qantas, 2012). Qantas’s HR concentrates on four areas: corporate, business segments, shared services, and learning and development. Each area has own responsibilities to help deliver the human resource strategy. Besides that, Qantas group is also known as the Australia’s largest aviation trainer. There are many training courses to help the Qantas employees to improve their knowledge and skills. For example, in 2011/2012, Qantas invested $65 million in training approximately 2,300 pilots (Qantas, annual report 2012). Furthermore, in the  past four years, 122 young people graduated through the Qantas program. Their training enables them to experience with various aspects of airline management and they may provide the next generation of aviation executives. ïÆ' ¼ Regarding technology development, technology has an important role in supporting Qantas business to deliver enhanced value. Technology development of Qantas focuses on main five areas which are project and program management, business system analysis, testing and quality assurance, services and relationship management, and architecture (Qantas, 2012). Qantas is also investing in new technology for customers; Qantas is the fir st airline to offer iPads as an option entertainment for passengers to access to the latest entertainment. These activities can support for main purposes to enhance the quality and create reputation for Qantas group. ïÆ' ¼ The purpose of Qantas’s procurement is maximizing the shareholders’ value from all supplier relationships (Qantas, annual report 2012). This is implemented through a chain process such as disciplined, systematic and ongoing process. All procurement activities are ensured through Qantas’ procurement policy. One of the important procurement activities is that goods and services meet specification and are transferred on time at competitive prices from stable suppliers. Others procurement activities are also applied such as financial risk, total cost basic must be reduced and supplier relationship management is focused on win-win outcome.   3.0. EXTERNAL AND INDUSTRYIAL ANALYSIS 3.1. Macro economy Qantas as a part in the global airline industry has continued to benefit from globalization where growth trade and tourism increase demands for travelling. According to the World Tourism Organization, throughout 2011, international tourist arrivals went up by 4.4% to 980 million, from 939m in 2010. The context also creates corporative opportunities for Qantas. For example, in early 2011, Qantas acquired Network Aviation, a West Australian charter airline that contributed around $19 million in revenue and other income (Marketline 2012). However, globalizations with the participation of many airline industries also threat Qantas in provide good service at reasonable price. Besides that, the increasing and unpredicted fuel price and foreign currency exposure also challenges the Group when participate in  international operation. 3.2. Five forces analysis Porter’s Five Forces is a most widely used framework in practice to determine intensity of competition and the level of profitability for companies (Grant 2013). Porter (2008) stated that five forces shape the structure of industries and launch the basement for competition and profitability within industry. These include threats of new entrants and substitutes, bargaining power of substitutes and buyers, and rivalry among existing competitors. According to Dobbs (2012), five forces assessments of threats and opportunities are powerful responses of managers to challenging environment where they must to compete with rivals and increase profits. The first important element is threat of substitutes. Substitute products/services perform a similar function as an industry product by a different means and at times at a cheaper price. This makes the competitions become more violent for all. It corresponds to industry profitability suffers. Therefore, companies have to reinvest themselv es such as their services, product and event low price and restructure their organizations in order to survive in challenging environment. They have estimated what threats coming from substitutes whose product are similar to that of a company/brand that is established within the industry and give some strategies for themselves. The aviation business now tries to boost up diverse options and promotions trip with low price to persuade the customers. Under pressure of substitutes like Virgin, Delta, Tiger Airlines, especially coaches or trains, Qantas have to plan some strategies not only in Airline industry but Transportation industry The second of five forces is threats of new entrants. When new entrants have launched in an industry, the proportion of industrial profits has changed. They bring new capacity and desire to share a market with the others, and simultaneously put pressures on old rivals about prices, qualities of services and goods, cost and rate of necessary investment. When threats are high, managers must implement a number of methods into the marketing mix in order to deter new entrants. According to Grant (2013), there are some principal sources of barriers to entry: Capital requirements, economies of scale, absolute cost advantages, and product differentiations, access to channels of distribution, governmental and legal barriers, and retaliation. The effectiveness of barriers to entry depends on the resources  and capabilities that potential entrants possess. The new entrants, Virgin Airlines or Tiger Airline, become competitors to Qantas with new full service airline and cheap tickets. In order to compete, Qantas is focused on business market which does not have a strong market competitor. The group also try to control the budget airlines through introducing of Jet Star (Reference for business, 2006). In addition, although Emirates airline is a international competitor, Qantas has corporation with Emirates to enhancing their shared network across the Tasman. This hit the competition in Australia and New Zealand (Cornwell 2013). The third is rivalry among existing competitors. According to Grant (2013), in some industries companies compete aggressively, sometimes the prices are under the value of output and leading definitely loss incurred. In the others, they focus on the innovation, advertising and non price dimensions. The intensity of competition of companies base on some factors: concentration, diversity of competitors, product differentiation, excess capacity and exit barriers, cost condition. Simultaneously Qantas operates Jetstart to compete the other companies by cheap tickets, Qantas also cooperate with Woolworths in Frequent Flyer program to maintain loyal customer (Qantas FactFiles, 2010) . The next is bargaining power of suppliers: suppliers are also described as the market of inputs: ability of suppliers to put the buyers under pressure. There are two factor effected on aviation industry including aircraft manufactures and fuel supplier. According to Qantas annual report, 2009, Suppliers of Qan tas are Boeing, Airbus, and Bombardier. They have strong power to deal with Qantas because they determine cost and delivery times and can be potential to turn into competitors. Lastly, bargaining power of buyers: Customers are described as the market of outputs and put the firm under pressure of low prices and quality of services. Therefore, Qantas have to cooperate with the other airline such as Emirates, Vietnam airline to rival the others. Qantas also has to impulse its sale with quality product and cheap price in several channels such as travel agency and website to deal with others. What is your conclusion from the 5 Forces Analysis? 4.0. STRATEGY TO CREATE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE In the competitive environment, enterprises have to create competitive advantages or they will be died. Grant (2013) says that a firm can achieve a higher rate of profit over a rival in two ways: supplying an identical product or service at a lower cost, or providing a unique product or service that is differentiated with others in order to persuade customer pay a price premium that exceeds the additional cost of the differentiation. 4.1. Cost leadership In order to take advantages in cost, the corporation has to structure and effectively exploit resources, apply some drivers of cost advantages such as economics of scale, product design, technology and inputs cost (Grant 2013). Figure 6: Qantas’s expenditure in 2011-2012 ïÆ' ¼ (Source: Qantas data book 2012, p.18) As can be seen, there are three main parts from Qantas’s expenditure in both 2011 and 2012. They are fuel cost, labour cost and aircraft operating aviation. Figure 7: Fuel cost of Qantas ïÆ' ¼ (Source: Qantas Data Book 2012, p.19) Fuel cost is the highest expense of Qantas, accounting for more than 25% of total expenses. In 2012, the fuel makes a new record at 27% of total costs at $4.22 billion in compare with $593million in 2011. ïÆ' ¼ The Group uses several strategies to reduce the influence of fuel prices. They are hedging; passing fuel surcharges to tickets; shortening the jet fuel supply chain fuel conservation; investment in new fuel-economic aircraft; improvement managing air traffic and enhanced technology in flying techniques and navigation approach. (Qantas data book 2012). Aircraft operating variable spent $3 billion in costs in FY2012. It includes route navigation charges, landing fees are charged by the relevant airport company or authority, maintenance cost and passenger expenses (in-flight consumables and amenities, entertainment). Therefore†¦.? Moving to cost leadership strategy can be applied by Jetstar that focus on low cost airline to gain market share in difference target customer th an with the main brand. Due to nowadays, there are many low cost airways emerge worldwide. Thus, the firms that can offer the cheaper price will be gain the customers. Jetstar want to  reach the lower price than others fare airlines so the company designs to adapt another strategy such as partnership strategy to deal with the main competitors. In current years, almost aviations industries have considered about how to the firms getting the customer faster than competitors. Also, Jetstar recognizes about low price with fast sale so the firm tries to create new promotion to attract and gain the customers quickly than another firm. The firm can take advantages in cost by increasing passenger load factor (promotion), reduce fuel cost, in-flight consumption and entertainment of customers. 4.2. Differentiation According to Grant (2013), differentiation is not just about the product, it embraces the whole relationship between the supplier and customer. Differentiation can be categorised into two types as tangible differentiation and intangible differentiation. 4.2.1. Tangible differentiation: Complementary service: According to Qantas FactFiles (2010), Qantas has provided In-flight entertainment with full-option in all Qantas international flights such as A380, B747 and A330 aircrafts. Simultaneously, Qantas Club lounges with full of necessary facilities are provided to the Qantas’s members at more than 130 lounges worldwide. As Group route network, the Qantas Group have operated numerous flights to cover 173 destinations in 42 countries together with partner airways. According to Qantas annual report (2009), Qantas provides premier price with full service option to serve the customers. For example, Qantas creates unique experiences to Qantas’ members like bringing Chef Heston Blumenthal to meet food and wine (QANTAS 2012). As the result, customers can feel superior when perceive the product or service. This strategy offers unique can enhance value of the product to the customers. The other point is that Qantas designs multi-brand model such as Qantas, Frequ ent flyers, and Jetstar which give customers the experience they desire. Specifically, Qantas provides the clear choice for business and premium leisure travellers. Frequent flyer builds the world’s best loyalty business while Jetstar brings the clear choice for price sensitive travellers (QANTAS 2011). Grant (2013) states a low-price; no-frills offering is associated with a unique brand image. Hub airports:  Qantas has developed Airport terminal consolidation project. This reduces in minimum connection times, underpins Sydney as Qantas’ main hub, and supports the international network alliance strategy, long term price and infrastructure surety. This strategy also increases product differentiation and seamless end-to-end customer experience (QANTAS 2011). 4.2.2. Intangible differentiation: Safety is always the first priority of Qantas aviation firm. Qantas is the leader of safety aviation industry (QANTAS 2008). Qantas is rigorously subjected to the International Air Transport Association’s (IATA) and Operational Safety Audit Certification, which is an internationally recognised safety audit program, once every two years. Moreover, Qantas is regularly scrutinised additional external audits by around 75 external organisations. This capability combined with constant prudence and proactive prevention is fundamental to Qantas maintaining its leading safety record and reputation. 5.0. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In conclusion, â€Å"strategy is win† (Grant 2013). Enterprises with efficiency strategies and successful implementation will generate advantages in the competitive environment. By applying several strategic analysis methods in analysing the internal and external context of Qantas Airlines Limited, the report has indentified the group’s strategies. Base on the analysis, some strategies has been recommended for the corporation to create competitive advantages by two strategies, cost leadership and differentiation: Expeditionary Marketing: Travel agent can be an important channel to distribute the product and service. Therefore, the Qantas should conduct a plan to consolidate its business activities with the travel agents and sometime the firm has to create a monopoly with those travel agents to decrease competitors. The corporation should also offer promotion to reduce free seat in flight. Unique Service Style: The price of ticket that should included the price of baggag e may set up little bit expensive than others low cost airlines without luggage price. It can be attract the customers; especially, women. Due to almost women need space for their clothes and cosmetic that is often liquid may be banned to carry in a passenger area. Fuel hedging: Qantas should continue research for new technology and invest  in low-fuel consume aircrafts. Charging fuel surcharges to passengers is better than fuel hedging. Foreign exchange risk hedging: Continue hedging foreign currency to reduce risk by using other derivative financial instruments such as option or forward contracts. Labour cost: Qantas can expand to other countries where labour willing to work for lower payment than in Australia, meanwhile reduces intermediates or agencies, directly or online sell tickets to customers. 6.0. REFERENCES Airlines network news and Analysis, 2012, ‘Australian international traffic growing strongly but Qantas is losing market share; US and Indonesia see biggest gains’, viewed 15nd August 2013, http://www.anna.aero/2010/04/20/australian-international-traffic-growing-strongly. Allayannis, G, Weston, G 2001, ‘The Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives and Firm Market Value’, The Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 243-276. Cornwell, A 2013, Emirates and Qantas to hit competition in Australia and New Zealand, viewed 15th August 2013, http://gulfnews.com/business/aviation/emirates-and-qantas-to-hit-competition-in-australia-and-new-zealand-1.1221392. Dallas, H 2010, ‘Qantas in the global airline industry’, Strategic management: competitiveness and globalisation (4th Asia-Pacific ed), pp. 434-440. Dennis, A 2012, ‘Is Qantas the dying kangaroo?’, Herald Sun, viewed 15rd August 2013, http://www.heraldsun.com.au/travel/australia/is-qan tas-the-dying-kangaroo/story-e6frfhbf-1226392614457 Dobbs M E, 2012, Dobbs, Michael E, 2012, Porter’s Five Forces in Practice: Templates for Firm and Case Analysis, Competition Forum 2012, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p22. Grant, R.M 2013, Contemporary Strategy Analysis, 8th edn, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork. Fickling, D&Wang, J 2012, ‘Qantas, China Eastern Plan Cheap Flights for Asia Middle’, Bloomberg, viewed 15rd August, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-25/qantas-plans-hong-kong-budget-airline-with-china-eastern.html International Air Transport Association 2013, ‘High cost environment to continue’, Financial Forecast, viewed 15rd August 2013, http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/industry-outlook-financial-forecast-march-2013.pdf Mail Business Staff 2012, ‘Qantas posts â‚ ¬204m loss as its fuel bill hits â‚ ¬3.6bn’, Daily Mail, p.46. Marketline 2012, ‘Qantas

Management and Case Study Essay

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Mudarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Mudarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The reflexive verb mudarse means to move in the sense of changing ones residence, such as moving to a new house or apartment. For all other meanings of the verb to move, Spanish uses the verb mover. The non-reflexive verb mudar means to change, but it is not used very frequently. Mudarse is a much more commonly used verb. Therefore, this article contains mudarse conjugations in its reflexive form in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Mudarse Present Indicative The verb mudar is a regular -ar verb, so it follows the regular conjugation pattern. To conjugate mudarse, the reflexive pronoun should be included before each conjugated form. Yo me mudo I move Yo me mudo al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudas You move Tà º te mudas a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se muda You/he/she moves Ella se muda a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudamos We move Nosotros nos mudamos a un condominio. Vosotros os mudis You move Vosotros os mudis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudan You/they move Ellos se mudan a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Preterite Indicative The preterite tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. Yo me mudà © I moved Yo me mudà © al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudaste You moved Tà º te mudaste a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudà ³ You/he/she moved Ella se mudà ³ a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudamos We moved Nosotros nos mudamos a un condominio. Vosotros os mudasteis You moved Vosotros os mudasteis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudaron You/they moved Ellos se mudaron a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is used to describe ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It can be translated as was moving or used to move. Yo me mudaba I used to move Yo me mudaba al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudabas You used to move Tà º te mudabas a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudaba You/he/she used to move Ella se mudaba a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudbamos We used to move Nosotros nos mudbamos a un condominio. Vosotros os mudabais You used to move Vosotros os mudabaisa la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudaban You/they used to move Ellos se mudaban a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Future Indicative The future tense is conjugated with the infinitive form mudar and the future tense endings (à ©, s, , emos, à ©is, n). Yo me mudarà © I will move Yo me mudarà ©al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudars You will move Tà º te mudars a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudar You/he/she will move Ella se mudar a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudaremos We will move Nosotros nos mudaremosa un condominio. Vosotros os mudarà ©is You will move Vosotros os mudarà ©isa la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudarn You/they will move Ellos se mudarn a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Periphrastic  Future Indicative   When conjugating the periphrastic future, remember to place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb ir (to go). Yo me voy a mudar I am going to move Yo me voya mudar al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te vasa mudar You aregoing to move Tà º te vasa mudar a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se vaa mudar You/he/she isgoing to move Ella se vaa mudar a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos vamosa mudar We aregoing to move Nosotros nos vamosa mudar a un condominio. Vosotros os vaisa mudar You aregoing to move Vosotros os vaisa mudar a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se vana mudar You/they aregoing to move Ellos se vana mudar a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund or present participle can be used as an adverb or to form progressive tenses like the present progressive. Progressive tenses often use the auxiliary verb estar. There are two options for placing the reflexive pronoun in the present progressive tense. It can be placed before the conjugated verb estar, or attached to the end of the present participle. Present Progressive ofMudarse se est mudando / est mudndose Is moving Ella se est mudando a un apartamento ms grande. Mudarse Past Participle The past participle is often used in perfect tenses like the present perfect. The present perfect uses the auxiliary verb haber. In this case, the reflexive pronoun must be placed before the conjugated verb haber. Present Perfect of Mudarse se ha mudado Has moved Ella se ha mudado a un apartamento ms grande. Mudarse Conditional Indicative The conditional tense can used to talk about possibilities. It is conjugated using the infinitive form and the conditional endings. Yo me mudarà ­a I would move Yo me mudarà ­aal dormitorio con mi compaà ±era si hubiera espacio. Tà º te mudarà ­as You would move Tà º te mudarà ­as a otra ciudad por tu trabajo si te dieran la promocià ³n. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudarà ­a You/he/she would move Ella se mudarà ­a a un apartamento ms grande si lo pudiera pagar. Nosotros nos mudarà ­amos We would move Nosotros nos mudarà ­amosa un condominio, pero no tenemos suficiente dinero. Vosotros os mudarà ­ais You would move Vosotros os mudarà ­aisa la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda, pero no estar lista. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudarà ­an You/they would move Ellos se mudarà ­an a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad si les dieran la beca. Mudarse Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive of -ar verbs is formed with the endings e, es, e, emos, à ©is, en. Que yo me mude That I move La directora pide que yo memudeal dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Que tà º te mudes That you move El jefe espera que tà º temudes a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Que usted/à ©l/ella semude That you/he/she move La familia quiere que ella semude a un apartamento ms grande. Que nosotros nos mudemos That we move Carlos quiere que nosotros nos mudemos a un condominio. Que vosotros os mudà ©is That you move El abuelo recomienda que vosotros os mudà ©is a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas semuden That you/they move La profesora sugiere que ellos semuden a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive can be conjugated in two different ways. Option 1 Que yo me mudara That I moved La directora pedà ­a que yo memudaraal dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Que tà º te mudaras That you moved El jefe esperaba que tà º temudaras a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Que usted/à ©l/ella semudara That you/he/she moved La familia querà ­a que ella semudara a un apartamento ms grande. Que nosotros nos mudramos That we moved Carlos querà ­a que nosotros nos mudramosa un condominio. Que vosotros os mudarais That you moved El abuelo recomendaba que vosotros os mudarais a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas semudaran That you/they moved La profesora sugerà ­a que ellos semudaran a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Option 2 Que yo me mudase That I moved La directora pedà ­a que yo memudase al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Que tà º te mudases That you moved El jefe esperaba que tà º temudases a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Que usted/à ©l/ella semudase That you/he/she moved La familia querà ­a que ella semudase a un apartamento ms grande. Que nosotros nos mudsemos That we moved Carlos querà ­a que nosotros nos mudsemosa un condominio. Que vosotros os mudaseis That you moved El abuelo recomendaba que vosotros os mudaseis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas semudasen That you/they moved La profesora sugerà ­a que ellos semudasen a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Imperative To give orders or commands you need the imperative mood. Notice that in positive commands, the reflexive pronoun is placed after the verb, while in negative commands, the reflexive pronoun is placed before the verb. Positive Commands Tà º mà ºdate Move!  ¡Mà ºdate a otra ciudad por tu trabajo! Usted mà ºdese Move!  ¡Mà ºdese a un apartamento ms grande! Nosotros mudà ©monos Let's move!  ¡Mudà ©monos a un condominio! Vosotros mudaos Move!  ¡Mudaos a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda! Ustedes mà ºdense Move!  ¡Mà ºdense a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad! Negative Commands Tà º no te mudes Don't move!  ¡No te mudes a otra ciudad por tu trabajo! Usted no se mude Don't move!  ¡No se mude a un apartamento ms grande! Nosotros no nos mudemos Let's not move!  ¡No nos mudemos a un condominio! Vosotros no os mudis Don't move!  ¡No os mudis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda! Ustedes no se muden Don't move!  ¡No se muden a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad!

List of 130 Mass Nouns (Or Noncount Nouns) in English

List of 130 Mass Nouns (Or Noncount Nouns) in English Have you ever wondered why you can have two plates of spaghetti but not  two spaghettis? Or two bags of rice  but not two rices? Most nouns In English grammar are like the words plate and bag: they can be counted. Count nouns, as theyre called,  have both  singular  and  plural  forms, such as one  diamond and four  diamonds. But theres also a group of nouns  that cant be counted. These mass nouns  (which are sometimes called  noncount nouns)  usually have only singular forms- spaghetti, rice, and gold, for example. Count nouns in the singular can follow an indefinite article (or another determiner): a plate, a bag, one  diamond. Mass nouns, on the other hand, usually dont follow an indefinite article, though they can follow certain determiners (such as much or less). At times the distinction between count nouns and mass nouns gets a little fuzzy. For example, the word water is usually treated as a mass noun, but in some contexts water can take the -s ending: Hammerhead sharks are found worldwide in  warmer waters  along coastlines and continental shelves. The word chicken is another fuzzy example. When were talking about the meat (We had chicken again for dinner), chicken is a mass noun. But when were referring to the animal (The cat chased the chickens out of the garden), chicken is a count noun. Keep this fuzziness in mind as you review the following list of 130 mass nouns in English. In certain contexts, some of these nouns can take an -s ending. Also, note that a number of these words can be used as more than one part of speech. The sentences in parentheses illustrate how the words are used as nouns. admiration (I have a deep  admiration for  any writer whose books stay in print.)advice (As usual, my brother gave me some bad advice.)air (The air in the storeroom was musty and cold.)anger (Whenever you get angry, you poison your own system.)anticipation (Anticipation is usually greater  than realization.)assistance (I need your assistance with these problems.)awareness (Awareness of problems is  no guarantee they will be solved.)bacon (I associate  the smell of bacon  with Sunday mornings.)baggage (At the airport I lost my baggage but found a new friend.)blood (Churchill said, I have nothing to offer but  blood, toil, tears, and sweat.)bravery (It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.)chess (I played two games of chess with myself.)clay (The birds built their nests out of clay.)clothing (The vast majority of  donated clothing  is exported overseas.)coal (Coal was burned as a fuel in China more than 3,000 years ago.)compliance (The building was  not in compliance with local  fire codes.) comprehension (Comprehension cant take place when students are distracted.)confusion (If confusion is the first step  to knowledge, I must be a genius.)consciousness  (Nobody knows how  many fundamental  forms of consciousness  exist in the human brain.)cream (My favorite dessert is strawberries and cream.)darkness (Education is the movement from darkness to light.)diligence (The supervisors lack of diligence led to  disasters of gigantic proportions.)dust (Their faces were caked with orange dust.)education (Education is the movement from  darkness  to light.)empathy (Socially skilled people are adept at managing teams: thats their empathy at work.)enthusiasm (Even small rewards may spark the childrens enthusiasm and ambitions.)envy (She saw envy in the eyes of her friends.)equality (The  global challenge of achieving full gender  equality and human rights  for women remains enormous.)equipment (We used camels to carry all our equipment and provisions.)evidence (The investigators looked for evidence in the debris.) feedback (Negative feedback is better than no feedback at all.)fitness (Fitness and good health are the result of a change in lifestyle.)flattery (Sue wasnt deceived by their flattery and lies.)foliage (Late summer and fall bring bright  fruits and colorful foliage.)fun (Tom  liked being around our family for  the fun we had and our big fancy dinners.)furniture (Jane looked around at the bare walls and broken furniture.)garbage (The skunk fell asleep in the garbage bin.)gold (The crown was made of gold and precious stones.)gossip (The only time people dislike gossip is when you gossip about them.)grammar (I studied English grammar in grammar school.)gratitude (The hiker expressed her gratitude  to the boys who had rescued her.)gravel (The path to the beach was made of gravel.)guilt (If you do the right thing, you wont feel any guilt.)happiness (Happiness isnt something you experience; its something you remember.)hardware (Until its loaded with software, a computer is just a p iece of hardware.) hate (Hate cannot drive out hate, Dr. King said. Only love can do that.)hay (The children played in the hay all day.)health (Good health is something that most of take for granted.)heat (If you cant stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.)help (When he couldnt put out the fire by himself, John went to get help.)hesitation (When the alarms went off, Bruno acted without hesitation.)homework (Jorge decided to finish his homework before going out.)honesty (A good relationship is based on honesty.)honor/honour (Our parents deserve our honor and respect for giving us life itself.)hospitality (I thanked Maries mother for her hospitality.)hostility (New immigrants are sometimes  met with hostility  from older immigrants.)humanity (Though Earl had been mistreated, he never lost his faith in humanity.)humility (Gratitude and humility are the true keys to success.)ice (Franklins ship was stuck in the ice.)immortality (The key to immortality is living a life worth remembering.)independence ( Texas declared independence in  1836 and joined the U.S. in 1845.) information (There is  too much information and not  enough time.)integrity (The most important character trait of a leader is integrity.)intimidation (The boss  used intimidation to keep his staff in line.)jargon (The doctors jargon confused the patient.)  jealousy (Passion can quickly turn into jealousy.)jewelry (Jennifer left her jewelry on the dressing table.)justice (Justice delayed is justice denied.)knowledge (A good decision is based on knowledge and not on numbers.)literacy (My parents gave me the gift of literacy.)logic (Logic is the beginning of wisdom, not the end.)luck (Dans luck ran out when his van ran out of gas.)lumber (A truckload of  lumber was stolen from  the sawmill.)luggage (The airline lost my luggage.)mail (The letter carrier delivered my mail to the wrong address.)management (Poor management leads to low morale and inefficiency.)merchandise (The expensive merchandise sat on the shelves gathering dust.)milk (Drinking too much milk can spoil a chil ds appetite.)morale (Poor  management  leads to low morale and inefficiency.) mud (The detective noticed that the suspect had mud on his shoes.)music (I cant listen to music while Im trying to write.)nonsense (Its nonsense to think that you can lose weight just by taking a pill.)oppression (Sooner or later, oppression leads to rebellion.)optimism (Optimism is an important part of good leadership.)oxygen (The diver ran out of oxygen before reaching the surface.)participation (Participation in school sports often has a positive effect on childrens grades.)pay (The strikers demanded higher pay.)peace (We wanted only to be  left alone, to live in peace.)perseverance (With perseverance and passion you can achieve your goals.)pessimism (Jill couldnt put up with Wills unrelenting pessimism.)pneumonia (Winston has just  recovered from a bout of pneumonia.)poetry (Peters poetry is pretty awful.)police (Mrs. Sanchez  called the police last night.)pride (Johns pride was hurt by Joans sarcastic remarks.)privacy (J.D. Salinger valued his privacy.)propaganda (Propagan da helps people to deceive themselves.) public (The young violinist lacked the confidence to perform in public.)punctuation (Punctuation is the written expression of pauses and gestures.)recovery (The insurance agency assisted in the recovery of the stolen jewels.)rice (Rice is the  most important food crop in the developing world.)rust (Achilles  scraped the rust off the  head of his spear)satisfaction (Success is finding satisfaction in giving a little more than you take.)shame (Imagine  the shame of being caught cheating!)sheep (Merino  sheep are an important source of high-quality wool.)slang (Slang is a sport that belongs essentially to the young.)software (Until its loaded with software, a computer is just a piece of  hardware.)spaghetti (Pauls favorite food is spaghetti.)stamina (It takes stamina and persistence to succeed in any sport.)starvation (The early American colonists faced the risk of starvation.)steam (Steam was the  first great power source of the industrial age.)steel (In 1943 all  penni es in the U.S. were made of steel.) stuff (Nobody was allowed to touch my Dads stuff.)support (Maria knew that she could depend on the support of her mother.)sweat (Churchill said, I have nothing to offer but  blood, toil, tears, and sweat.)thunder (Thunder rumbled over the  western hills.)timber (Basswood is the best timber for building pulpits.)toil  (Churchill said, I have nothing to offer but  blood, toil, tears, and  sweat.)traffic (The traffic was so bad that we had to give up and go back home.)training (Birdie injured her knee while  she was in training  for a marathon.)trash (The dog had emptied the trash all over the kitchen floor.)understanding (I have only a limited understanding of basic physics.)valor (The soldiers exhibited  valor in the face of  extreme peril.)vehemence (John was surprised by the vehemence of Joans response.)violence (Violence never achieves peace)warmth (She felt the warmth of the breeze on her arms.)waste  (Poor planning led to an enormous waste of time and money.)w eather (Bad weather slowed the recovery efforts.) wheat (Wheat is the most  important source of vegetable protein in our food.)wisdom (When the fight started, Pete had the wisdom to call a time-out.)work (The fire was the work of a careless burglar.)

Examination topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Examination topic - Essay Example The idea that informed the process of European integration was to establish institutional framework of shared sovereignty within EU economy. The eventual aim of the integration process is to foster economic integration which will ultimately form a framework for political integration at a later stage. European integration is informed by the regional integration theory whose greatest proponent was Stanley Hoffman (Cini, 2006, p. 19). According to Hoffman, regional integration theory asserts that national governments (which are sovereign) should control the speed and level of integration in the region that they exist in. This is evident in the European Union integration where the national governments are playing active role in controlling the speed and level of European integration. Hoffman argues that this theory requires any amplification of power at â€Å"supranational† be a result of member states’ direct decision. European integration was formed on the basis of region al integration theory which believes that integration which is driven by national governments are based on the economic and political issues that affect individual member states at a given period of time (Wiener and Diez, 2009, p. 33). ... He goes further and states that the existence of control usually allows the member states to make decision on the nature and extent of the cooperation between them without undermining directly their sovereignty. From this definition it can be deduced, therefore, that inter-governmentalism is a concept that treats national governments as primary actors in the process of integration. The proponents of inter-governmentalism see the integration terms and the rules that guide the process, as well as its institutions as a reflection of the relative bargaining power of different national governments who â€Å"pool† its efficiency and effectiveness without abnegating their sovereignty (Sweet and Sandholts, 2007, p. 298). Based on the concept of intergovernmentalism, the European Union has assigned implementation and monitoring of intergovernmental agreements responsibilities to international courts and secretariats as a way of locking each national government into integration commitme nt. This aspect is informed by the logic that through international courts and secretariats, national governments will be made to be the promulgators, initiators, mediators, promoters, and legislators of broadening and deepening of the European integration (Cini, 2006, p. 89). EU laws are divided into three interdependent forms of legislation: primary legislation which are produced through direct negotiations between national governments; secondary legislation which is based on the EU treaties and often take the dimension of decisions, recommendations, directives, or regulations; and the Council of the European Union which is the main body of legislation and